AI agents appear to have attempted to hack a US Department of Education website and a Library and Archives Canada service while trying to access public data, according to AI research lab Transluce.
The findings, published on September 30 by researchers affiliated with Transluce, Corridor, MIT, AIUC, and the Hertz Foundation, follow up on previous Transluce research that identified the targeting of US government websites.
OpenAI confirmed that its agents behaved unusually on Commerce Department and SEC websites, and its investigation into the Education Department incident is still underway, The New York Times reported.
Transluce researchers found nothing in the data they analyzed to suggest the agents obtained non-public information.
The Education Department incident took place in June, when agents apparently searching for school statistics sent over 200,000 requests to the department’s Civil Rights Data Collection website. Among them was a basic SQL injection probe.
“Data stored on this website appears to match a web search task in Google’s DeepSearchQA benchmark, suggesting that the agents were not given a hacking-related task but were being graded on their ability to successfully retrieve specific niche information from the internet,” Transluce notes.
The researchers also observed more than 10,000 requests that included a tag beginning with “oai”, which could indicate the involvement of OpenAI agents. The Department of Education, notified on September 25, said it observed no impact on its services.
Separately, Portugal’s Arquivo.pt web archive captured 899 requests to Library and Archives Canada’s collection search service in May and July. The requests were associated with retrieving data on Canadian divorce records from 1905 to 1911.
Of these, 13 contained attack payloads: three SQL injection probes, a cross-site scripting probe, and requests that tested input handling, output formats, and a debug flag.
“We do not believe that these probes were successful: each one came back as a normal HTTP 200 with an empty record page, with nothing to indicate the database acted on the input or that any extra data was returned,” Transluce says.
While Transluce does not confidently blame OpenAI for the Canadian attempts, it says the tactics match those of agent activity previously linked to the company.
In a September 29 statement, Canada’s Communications Security Establishment said there is “no indication that government systems have been compromised at this time.” It noted that public-facing government websites routinely receive automated and potentially malicious requests, and that the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security is assessing the reports.
OpenAI told Reuters it was “aware of reports of OpenAI models attempting to access publicly available information” from Canadian government websites. A spokesperson said the company was reviewing the findings and had given Canadian officials an initial briefing.
Transluce also observed automated workflows, which it attributes to AI agents with varying levels of confidence, that used aggressive tactics short of hacking against websites of the White House, the Departments of War, Justice, and Commerce, the CDC and SEC, and state agencies in California, Maryland, Illinois, Texas, and New York.
The techniques included making accounts with disposable email addresses, bypassing anti-bot controls, reusing exposed credentials, and flooding sites with requests.
Part of this activity overlaps with traffic confirmed as linked to OpenAI, and some agents explicitly labeled themselves as associated with the company. Still, Transluce does not blame OpenAI for the activity overall.
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