Attacks exploiting two recently discovered PaperCut NG/MF vulnerabilities have escalated, with threat actors shifting from reconnaissance to hands-on-keyboard activity.
PaperCut first warned users of its NG and MF print management solutions about an actively exploited zero-day vulnerability on August 27. It later emerged that threat actors have been chaining two flaws in their attacks.
The vulnerabilities are tracked as CVE-2026-82078 and CVE-2026-81578, and they can be exploited by unauthenticated attackers to bypass authentication and achieve remote code execution on affected PaperCut NG/MF instances.
The vendor quickly rolled out two emergency patches — one after the first was bypassed — and is working on an official release that addresses both vulnerabilities.
In the meantime, attacks are escalating, according to exposure management firm WatchTowr, whose researchers have been monitoring the situation.
“Activity has significantly evolved, and it did so quickly — we are no longer seeing purely exploratory probes to identify vulnerable systems, but real-world exploitation accompanied with hands-on-keyboard interaction from human attackers exploring systems they’ve compromised,” Jake Knott, head of threat intelligence at WatchTowr, said via email.
“As part of this activity, it’s noteworthy that this appears to be ‘above average’ (the bar still being very low) in terms of sophistication — some designed purely to facilitate external to internal network pivoting and continue attacks,” Knott added. “Attackers are, as always, being selfish — keying access to their deployed in-memory payloads to ensure that only they are able to access compromised hosts and continue further. This behavior is reflective of initial access brokers, and other more aggressive-outcome type operators.”
PaperCut’s updated indicators of compromise (IoCs) also indicate attack escalation, specifically the deployment of remote access tools on targeted systems.
Technical details on CVE-2026-82078 and CVE-2026-81578 are also available from security firms Huntress and Rapid7.
The cybersecurity agency CISA added CVE-2026-82078 and CVE-2026-81578 to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog on Monday. Federal agencies have been instructed to address the flaws by September 14.
More than 1,000 PaperCut NG/MF instances are exposed to the internet, according to data from ShadowServer.
“If exposed to the Internet and unpatched at any stage in the last few days, systems should be assumed compromised by an active attacker who is combing through vulnerable hosts looking for interesting or valuable targets,” WatchTowr’s Knott warned. “And if you haven’t already, now is the time to trigger incident response processes. Patching alone will lock out new attackers while allowing existing attackers to maintain access and go further.”
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