Epoch.ai tracks the top ~17+ frontier sites via satellite. SemiAnalysis uses its Datacenter Industry Model for hyperscaler self-build/colocation forecasts. Here is a tight compilation of the most prominent ones from Epoch, SemiAnalysis mentions, and cross-referenced industry tracking.
Focus is on hyperscaler/AI lab projects (hundreds of MW to GW-scale). Many announced 2026 projects face delays like power grid interconnection queues (5–7+ years in places), permitting, and construction bottlenecks. Reports indicate 30–50% of planned 2026 US capacity may slip to 2027–2028. SemiAnalysis pushes back on exaggerated half canceled claims, noting hyperscaler self-build forecasts have been stable and many announced projects were never firmly committed/under construction.
On-track projects often use onsite generation (gas turbines, fuel cells) to bypass grid delays. Delayed/risk ones are typically grid-dependent only.
2026 (major ramp/openings expected)
OpenAI Stargate Abilene (Crusoe/Lancium, Oracle/OpenAI) — TX has a ~1.2 GW target. On track (phased. full by Q4/Nov 2026). Onsite gas + grid.
xAI Colossus 2 (Memphis area expansions) — TN/MS has Multi-hundred MW to GW-scale. On track/aggressive. Fast warehouse retrofits + onsite turbines. SemiAnalysis calls it the first true GW-scale DC in execution.
Anthropic–Amazon New Carlisle (Project Rainier) — IN. ~1+ GW IT power. On track (already large operational/ramping per Epoch. One of the biggest by power).
Meta Prometheus — OH (New Albany area) Hundreds of MW to GW-scale. On track (significant capacity projected ~May 2026 per Epoch tracking).
Microsoft Fairwater Atlanta — GA: Large campus. Phases ramping on track in 2026 (part of broader Microsoft buildout).
2027 (major openings/ramp. Many 2026 slips landing here)
xAI further Colossus expansions / new sites.
Meta additional large campuses (Louisiana Hyperion mentions in some tracking).
Microsoft Wisconsin/Mount Pleasant phases and other Fairwater expansions.
Various Google clusters (multi-campus in established areas like OH/NE often more reliable).
CoreWeave and other neo-cloud expansions (some with Bloom fuel cells).
2028 (larger buildouts. other Stargate sites)
OpenAI Stargate Shackelford (TX, Vantage) ~2 GW target. Projected on track (construction underway. onsite gas microgrid. first buildings late 2026, full ~Q4 2028).
Stargate Doña Ana County, NM (STACK) ~2.2 GW. Projected on track (onsite gas; foundations underway).
Stargate Port Washington, WI (Vantage) ~1.3 GW. Projected on track (70% renewables + storage + grid).
Stargate Milam County, TX (SoftBank) ~1.2 GW. Projected on track (onsite generation + storage).
Stargate Saline Township, MI ~1.4 GW. Risk/delay potential (local opposition reported. grid-focused).
Other Meta/Google/Microsoft multi-GW campuses and xAI further scaling.
Delayed, at-risk, or canceling examples
Numerous grid-only announced projects (especially smaller or less-committed ones) slipping 12–18+ months or facing cancellation due to power queues/permitting.
Some broader Stargate elements or non-flagship sites hit by permitting (SemiAnalysis noted one Oracle/Stargate GW-scale facility delayed by this).
Local opposition/lawsuits in places like Michigan (Stargate) or environmental challenges.
xAI Expansions with 6GW of Energy
Doosan Turbines, Solar Turbines, and Ability to Stay on Track
Their strategy emphasizes speed via onsite power generation and fast builds (Colossus 1 built in 122 days. Colossus 2 ramping rapidly with warehouse retrofits).
Doosan Enerbility gas turbines has Multiple orders (initial + 5 additional large ~380 MW-class units/packages). First deliveries targeted end of 2026. Supports expansions beyond current Colossus. Partnered with Solaris Energy Infrastructure for deployment of mobile Titan turbines. This secures dedicated power and bypasses grid delays.
Solar Turbines (Caterpillar) Industry-standard aeroderivative gas turbines widely used for data center onsite/backup power. xAI’s approach aligns with broader industry use (including collaborations like Solar Turbines + Vertiv for integrated DC solutions).
XAI Colossus 2 already showing strong progress (~600+ MW active in recent tracking, expanding). Lawsuit exists over unpermitted turbines in Mississippi (Clean Air Act, raised by NAACP/Southern Environmental Law Center), but the DOJ has intervened citing national security (Grok models used in defense applications). This support makes resolution likely favorable for continued operation/expansion.
Bloom Energy Fuel Cells and Similar)
Bloom Energy (solid oxide fuel cells — natural gas to electricity, modular, fast-deploy, lower emissions than combustion in many cases)
Oracle Up to 2.8 GW deal (1.2 GW already contracted. deployments underway for AI data centers, relevant to Stargate/Oracle ecosystem).
CoreWeave AI cloud DC partnership (Volo, IL).
Equinix and others.
Brookfield $5B strategic partnership for AI infrastructure data centers.
AEP (utility) Large orders (hundreds of MW to 1 GW+). Serves Microsoft, Google, Amazon, Meta.
Brian Wang is a Futurist Thought Leader and a popular Science blogger with 1 million readers per month. His blog Nextbigfuture.com is ranked #1 Science News Blog. It covers many disruptive technology and trends including Space, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, Medicine, Anti-aging Biotechnology, and Nanotechnology.
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